The metalworking process is popular in today’s industry. And forging is one of the oldest ones. Long times ago, forging is a process of using water power or a hammer or an anvil in the production and working of iron. With the development of advanced technologies, some other more tools are used as the power supplier to meet the demands of modern industry. And the iron is not the unique raw materials nowadays.
Forging is popular for its favorable advantages. Firstly, the compressing would make the piece be stronger than an equivalent cast or machined part. They are held tightly. Then, some metals may be forged cold, while iron and steel are almost always hot forged. The major difference between is the hot forging is to prevent the work hardening, while cold forming is to increase the difficulty of performing secondary machining operations on the piece. As a result, it meets various demands actually. At last, production forging involves significant capital expenditure for machinery, tooling, facilities and personnel. For example, a hot forging will be required to heat ingots or billets.
Considering its popularity in the industry, it is necessary to have some knowledge of the forging. From the perspective of different available forming processes, they are roll forging, swaging, cogging, open-die forging, impression-die forging, press forging, automatic hot forging and upsetting. And it is true the whole forgings can work under various temperatures. There exists a material’s recrystallization temperature. And the hot forging, warm forging and cold forging are classified basing on this.
The press forging and roll forging are briefly introduced in the following.
Generally speaking, continuous pressure or force is needed to make press forging. It is good, as compared to drop-hammer forging, for the ability to deform the complete workpiece. Furthermore, the operation can be used to create any size part because there is no limit to the size of the press forging machine. They are employed to perform all types of forgings, easy automation as well. And roll forging is another kind of processing where round or flat bar stock is reduced in thickness and increased in length. Commonly, two cylindrical or semi-cylindrical rolls work throughout the whole process. As a result, it imparts a favorable grain structure into the workpiece and has no flash.
Since the booming of the metalworking process, the forging would still play an important role in improving the industrial process from all aspects.
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By Gao Grace
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