Carbide insert

A little information on cutting tools

admin — Tue, 02 Aug 2011 13:19:30 +0000

Geometry of a cutting tool
Cutting face:
This is the face on which the chip slides. It is called Ag (g: gamma reading)
Flank:
It rubs the surface on which the material remaining on the play after tearing the chip.
It is called Aa (a: read alpha)
Cutting angles:

Information on cutting tools

Alpha (I) angle. This is the angle which prevents the tool heels (key) faces machined. It is measured between Ps and Aa in the projection plane Po, Po (orthogonal) is the plane in which one measures the angle or Pn (plane normal).
Beta (SSI): cutting angle. Is the angle defined by the limits of matter, therefore, between Aa and Ag projection Pi
Gamma (gi): cutting angle. This is the angle that gives the sharpness of the tool. It is measured between Pr and Ag in the plane of projection Pi As the angle is low over the cutting tool, but it is fragile, so a compromise is necessary at this level. It is the largest angle of the cut.
Note: for a cut positive, the sum of these three angles is 90 °. To cut a negative sum of the absolute value of these three angles is greater than 90 °.
Kappa (k r) steering angle edge. It is measured between Ps and Pf in Pr
Phi (yr): complementary angle to the direction of edge. It is measured between Ps and Pp in Pr
Note: The sum of these two angles is equal in all cases 90 °.
Kappa prime (k r ‘): steering angle side edge. It is measured between Ps’ in Pr and Pf
Lambda (l s): angle edge. It is measured from the cutting edge in Ps and Pr s
Epsilon (e r): angle of beak (nose of the tool). It is measured between the main cutting edge and s the cutting edge
Secondary s’ in Pr
Note: These angles are normalized and projected in planes. The index of the angle corresponds to the plane in
which it is intended. These angles are available for all tools.
Material of cutting tool:
The high-speed steel (for high speed steel) High-speed steels appeared about 1890 and are due to work
Taylor and White Americans. These are alloy steels. The metals are additive, tungsten (W), the
molybdenum (D), vanadium (V), cobalt (K) and chromium (C). The percentage of carbon in turn varies from 0.8 to 1.75%.
Carbides: they appeared in 1926 and have continued to be improved. They are now part of the tool
commonly used in mechanics for metal cutting. It is a mixture of powdered iron carbide sintered
often coated with alloy hardness, to facilitate sliding of the chip on the tool and heat dissipation.
The thickness of these layers varies from 4 to 10 microns.
Ceramics: the first cutting ceramic aluminum oxide appeared around 1920 in Germany
but without knowing a great success. Especially during the Second World War that the work on ceramics have led to concrete achievements. Unfortunately these tools were very fragile and above were not available at the time of machines and fast powerful enough for full use. Control of the microstructure of ceramics has led to considerable progress. The name comes from the ceramic structure of these materials which resembles hexagonal structure type porcelain.
Ceramics allow cutting speeds four times higher than the carbides and retain their hardness at higher temperatures (up to 1000 ° C).
There are two types of ceramics:

Information on cutting tools2

- Ceramic White (also called pure ceramic) is of aluminum oxide plus a few additives. Platelets are obtained by cold pressing (also called tabletting) followed by sintering.
- The black ceramic (also called mixed ceramic or cermet) is a mixture of aluminum oxide (¸ 70%) and titanium carbide (¸ 30%). It is obtained by pressure sintering.
These two types of ceramic pads come in different forms (such as fuel).
Diamond: In 1966, Dr. Tracy Hall, a research firm in Mégadiamond Corporation in the U.S. for the first time fabricated a sintered polycrystalline diamond. Diamond is the hardest material, but also the most expensive, but it is still much cheaper than single crystal diamond. It has a wear resistance than other tool materials do not, especially for highly abrasive materials. However, the polycrystalline diamond can withstand temperatures above 850 ° C, so it cannot be used for machining steel or cast iron. The development of polycrystalline diamond is: powder, prepared beforehand, is placed in a matrix of the desired shape.
This matrix is then placed in a press with a pressure of about one million bars. Simultaneously, electrically heated diamond powder to the sintering temperature of about 2100 ° C. This tablet is then cooled still under pressure.

Machine shop

admin — Thu, 07 Apr 2011 13:10:55 +0000

5 Reasons Why You Should Look for CNC Machine Shops to Perform CNC Milling Operations
Most manufacturers – small and large scale ones; have been continuously providing end products to consumers which involves series of processes including producing and assembling of different components. Due to high product demands, manufacturers have to minimize their product turnaround time in order to supply sufficient products to their distributors or directly to their consumers. The most common method is to outsource specific tasks to specific companies.
When it comes to producing certain components involving CNC milling operations – most manufacturers or businesses would opt for CNC Machine shops. Similarly if your business requires parts production – here are a few reasons that you should start looking for CNC machine shops to perform such task:
Reason #1: Reduce overhead cost of your business operations – You can save much in parts production cost as you do not need to purchase any CNC milling machines. As these machines require maintenance over a long period of time, you do not need to pay any maintenance fees when the parts production tasks are performed by reputable CNC machine shops.
Besides that, you can save cost in hiring and training machine operators on a regular basis, as these shops have specialists who are in charge of supervising the work of their machine operators.
Reason #2: Have professional expertise to work on your prototype – Normally, a reputable CNC machine shop perform CNC milling operations based your prototype or designs. For instance, if you have a prototype or a design in form of CAD design, they will provide a consultation service which you will be directed to their engineers who are responsible to give professional advice about your design, as to ensure that the customized parts production is workable based on your preferences.
Reason #3: Perform repetitive cutting and drilling operations precisely – If you are in dire need of these specific components to be produced on a regularly basis, these CNC machine shops usually perform parts production tasks by using high precise CNC milling machines. In addition, these machines are capable to produce components in a large scale without neglecting accuracy and precision. Apart than that, you can possibly rely on these shops to carry out complex parts production as they provide CAD/CAM machining for 3D complex components.
Reason # 4: Able to reduce unwanted wastage – If your business has lack of production tools that could not machine high precision parts, you would likely to bear high production cost due to unnecessary wastage. As mentioned early, most CNC machine shops operate high precision CNC milling machines – for instance, a shop that is investing in Hurco machine tools, which are widely known in manufacturing complex parts precisely, can reduce wastage effectively.
Reason #5: Most shops provide additional precision machining services – In order to provide more CNC solutions to clients, most shops provide additional services like CNC turning, spark erosion as well as additional treatments like hardening, plating, anodizing and powder coating – which are offered with affordable rates. Therefore, you can request for a quotation from these CNC machine shops if you are interested in some of their additional services.
By Jimmy Dales
Article Source:http://EzineArticles.com/5799689

Machine parts

admin — Thu, 07 Apr 2011 13:02:11 +0000

CNC Milling Machine Parts and Components
When you are looking for CNC milling machine parts and components there are a variety of places where you can find them. There are many Internet sites and the machines come in a variety of prices.
Depending on the type of machine you need the price can be steep but there are many small machines that can do the same job if you are looking at this as part of a small business or a hobby. Also, you can buy a machine to cut metal or wood, to do fancy scroll work or to do engraving on metals and other applications.
You can decide whether you will purchase a brand new machine or a used one. Most people do not suggest buying a used one because you aren’t sure what you are getting but buying other types of machines like CNC routers seem to be a good idea because of the cost.
All CNC Milling machines contain the following parts:
- Axis — depending on the type of CNC milling machine it could have anywhere from one to six axis which will also determine the size and what it is supposed to do.
- Column — the column is what travels along an axis that holds the part that mills or cuts.
- Control panel — the part that holds the computer keyboard (sometimes small, other times large) where you program the G-Codes into the machine.
- Cutting tool — the cutting tool is attached to the column and is the part that actually cuts the piece in the way that the operator specifies.
- Spindle — the spindle holds the cutting tool in place.
- Coolant supply tubes — these are the tubes where they coolant is pumped through in order to keep the metal cool and the cutting tool lubricated.
- Table — the table is the area that the workpiece will be attached to either using a clamp or a vacuum. This is where the workpiece will sit while being milled.
There are several different types of milling machines that can be found and they are small or large depending on what they do. Here are a few:
Vertical CNC mills have a vertical spindle axis. This means that the cutters that do the milling are held vertically in the spindle and they rotate on the spindle’s axis. In this type you can extend the spindle or the table to make drilling or plunge cuts. Bed mills and Turret mills fall into this category.
Horizontal CNC mills have the same type of table as vertical CNC mills but their cutters are mounted on an arbor that sits across the table horizontally.
Hobbyists will most likely use a box mill which is mounted to a bench and basically moves up and down. Knee mills have an x-y table and its moves up and down the column. It can be adjusted with what is called a vertically adjustable knee. Many larger industries use the C-Frame mill because it is the most conducive for larger work. They are only vertically mobile and it used a fixed spindle head for that movement.
By Ivan Irons
Article Source:http://EzineArticles.com/1578885

CNC Machining

admin — Thu, 07 Apr 2011 12:53:42 +0000

Advantages of CNC Machining
CNC machining stands for “computer numerical control” machining. It is a relatively new process in the world of machining which allows for increased efficiency through higher levels of automation and by allowing the machine and it’s computer controls to do all the work. While CNC machines are expensive and complicated, they quickly pay for themselves by reducing the workload and preventing errors.
The first major advantage of CNC machining is that it improves automation, removing the need of an operator for all but a few parts of the work. CNC machines can be left unattended for hours or even days if necessary, allowing operators to focus on other tasks. This also allows for a company to retain fewer operators, thereby saving on overhead. By removing the operator, safety is also increased, since should there be a jam or other potentially dangerous machining error, the operator will not be holding the tool and the only thing damaged will be the tool itself. CNC machines can also work much faster than human machinists, since they are faster, stronger, and do not need to take breaks. They can also be run late at night, when most of the workers have gone home, since machines do not need to worry about being sleepy or getting paid overtime.
The second big advantage to CNC machining is that it produces an exact result every single time. Even the best human operator will have minor variations between finished results, whereas a CNC machine will produce exactly the same result each and every time it is run. This is very important in the modern world of standardized and interchangeable parts, where a single defective cut can make an entire machine wholly unusable. All that is necessary is for a single program to be developed and placed into the machine. Then the machine can toil away at however many work pieces are needed, producing an exact replica down to thousandths of an inch each and every time.
The third big advantage to CNC machining is the flexibility of the machine itself. While humans are much more flexible and trainable than machines, a CNC machine can be completely reprogrammed in a matter of hours to produce a completely different product. It is thus possible to refer back to old programs or install new programs when a different work piece is required. This gives CNC machines a big advantage over other machines, since they can quickly shift to producing a completely different product without the installation of many new parts or a major overhaul of key components. This also ensures that CNC machines can keep up with customer demand, since they can very quickly shift from making a part that is in surplus to a part that is lacking should a need arise.
By Patrick Soules
Article Source:http://EzineArticles.com/3749308

CNC Machining

admin — Thu, 07 Apr 2011 12:47:51 +0000

CNC Machining General Information
CNC machining refers to any process that uses a CNC machine. This could be for routing, milling, drilling, or other types of work that is done with metal, wood or other materials. This is a manufacturing process that uses the automatic opportunity from the computer to create shapes or forms that must be precise.
Raw materials are used and they are put into a CNC machine that uses cutting tools to make these shapes. The CNC machining process involves computers that have at least one microprocessor and several units for storage. With CAD or CAM software systems added to CNC the computer can be programmed to produce the precise movements that are able to create the part.
In CNC machining the process is automated which saves the operator time and saves the business money. The operator is able to load the materials, program the machine and then the machine can work without attention when set up properly; the amount of time it is run without attention is also programmed in.
An important aspect of any CNC machining is for the operator to know the machine well. CNC is an addition to the general aspects of the machine. As an example, if you are doing routing, adding CNC to the process only automates it. However, for the operator, it means that they must understand the machine, how to put in codes or use CAD or CAM and how to operate the machine; they must also understand how basic routing works.
Another area that is important in order to understand CNC machining is the basic components of the machine. It is important to know how these machines operate in order to fix them if something goes wrong. This also allows the operator to understand the limitations and the capabilities of the machine to get the most out of its use.
As CNC machining becomes a project the operator is in charge defining five areas. They will first think about the project they want to design and plan it out. This is where sitting down and drawing out plans will be a good idea.
The next area is to understand CAD to translate the drawing into the computer and then an understanding of CAM to translate the CAD information into machine language. In the final area the individual must understand the Controlling function in order to make the machine do what is required. When all these areas are fulfilled properly they allow the individual to create the project in the way they saw it in their drawing.
CNC machining was traditionally only done in commercial settings with very large CNC machines. Today, there are mini-CNC machines that allow the process to be done on a smaller scale in a home workshop. This has allowed the smaller business to be able to take advantage of building a variety of parts and products that were not previously available except on a larger scale.
CNC machining can produce both simple and complex designs and can be used on a variety of materials including aluminum, foam, wood and other metals.
By Ivan Irons
Article Source:http://EzineArticles.com/1589689

Deburring machines

admin — Thu, 07 Apr 2011 12:39:55 +0000

Plasma slicing is usually fast, inexpensive, capable to slice almost any metal as well as effective at slicing really thick pieces and sheets. It leaves a large heat-impacted zone and makes dross at the bottom of the cut, making it less accurate as compared to laser or abrasive water jet slicing.
Plasma cutting can be described as a process that uses high velocity jet of ionized gas brought from a constricting orifice. The high velocity ionized gas conducts electric power from the torch of the plasma cutter to the work surface. The plasma heats up the work surface, melting the matter. The high speed stream of ionized gas mechanically blows the molten steel out, severing the matter. Plasma cutting can be performed on any kind of conductive steel – mild steel, aluminum and stainless are a few examples. With mild steel, workers are going to encounter quicker, thicker pieces compared to alloys. Plasma slicing does not depend on oxidation to work, and thus it can slice aluminum, stainless steel as well as all other conductive material. Although different gasses can be used for plasma slicing, a lot of people make use of pressurized air for the plasma gas. Presently, pressurized air is readily attainable, and so plasma does not demand fuel gas as well as pressurized oxygen for operation.
Plasma slicing is a lot easier to master, and on finer elements, plasma slicing is much quicker in comparison with oxyfuel slicing. However, for quite heavy parts of steel (one inch and higher), oxyfuel is still recommended given that oxyfuel is normally quicker and, for bulkier plate applications, very high capacity power supplies are required for plasma slicing applications. Plasma slicing is ideal for slicing steel as well as non-ferrous materials less than 1-inch in thickness. Plasma cutting really shines in some niche applications, like slicing expanded metal, something which is almost impossible by using oxyfuel. When compared to mechanical means of cutting, plasma cutting is normally much faster and can easily make non-linear cuts. The plasma slicing machines are generally higher in price as compared to oxyacetylene, and also, oxyacetylene does not need access to electric power or compressed air which might make it the more convenient method for a few people.
Nevertheless, after you have determined plasma slicing is the right process for you, consider the following factors when reaching a purchasing decision. 1. Determine the thickness of the steel that you will most frequently cut. 2. Select your optimum slicing speed. 3. Can the equipment offer an alternative choice to high frequency starting? 4. Compare consumable price against consumable lifespan. 5. Try out the machine as well as examine cut quality. 6. Pilot to cut and cut to pilot transfers. 7. Check the equipment’s operating visibility. 8. Try to find the mobility factor. 9. Figure out the ruggedness of the machine. 10. Find out if the machine is easy to use and feels comfortable. 11. Try to look for safety features.
Plasma cutters have progressed massively in the development of cutting steel which has an electric arc, the plasma as well as compressed air. When initially released onto the market, the plasma cutter unit was as big as a compact refrigerator. Currently these up-to-date electrical packages tend to be as tiny as a piece of carry-on travel luggage or four, full-sized loaves of bread stacked in a 2-by-2 manner. A few models even have an onboard air compressor which makes the accurate metal cutter extremely portable, and can be plugged into any kind of typical home wall socket.
It is simple to find used deburring machines that are in good condition and are also being offered at discount rates. Deburring machines for plasma cutting are genuine cost savers and are available from numerous locations.
By Jeremy Fitz
Article Source:http://EzineArticles.com/5514681

Deburring machine

admin — Thu, 07 Apr 2011 12:34:34 +0000

Deburring Machine – Why Deburring Is Essential
Burrs are hard to avoid in any manufacturing process, and they are simply the ridges, bumps, or scraps that stick out from an otherwise refined product. This is seen in smaller pieces that are meant to fit together to create a whole. Without a deburring machine, many businesses would still deburr by hand. However, the results are not only less accurate and uniform, but the time that this takes can seriously cut down on overall productivity. This is why so many businesses are in the market for a proper deburring solution that they will be able to apply on a wider scale to their products.
Leaving the burrs is not an option, because these can hinder how well a product’s pieces fit together. With faulty pieces that have odd bits sticking out of them, or excess ridges, the overall function of a product might be impaired. As a result, a deburring machine is a worthy precaution to eliminate this and make sure that all the parts are smooth and fit together according to the original manufacturer specifications. This also increases the level of safety for your workers and clients alike, instead of having rough pieces of metal that stick out and could potentially lead to injury.
When you are searching for the best deburring machine for your needs, you will want to think about whether to purchase this used or new. If you have never used this type of equipment before, it’s worth gaining more information through a tutorial first, and thinking about renting the equipment to begin with is smart. That can give you a better idea of how it works, before you make a larger investment that could involve several pieces. It’s also recommended to have a professional assess the current state of your facilities, to see where these machines might fit in.
There are numerous reasons why it’s unacceptable to leave burrs on your products. Safety issues, faulty end products, and a reduction in productivity can all be alleviated with the purchase of a deburring machine. Although one little burr may not seem like a problem, on a larger scale this could lead to a huge loss in profits if you don’t take the time to produce the type of quality products that will allow your business to succeed in today’s competitive marketplace. Almost every industry that uses engineering or manufacturing principles uses deburring equipment as standard practice, for all of these reasons.
In today’s manufacturing world, we are seeing an ever increasing demand and emphasis placed on the deburring machine.
By Brant Reed
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Brant_Reed

Precision machining

admin — Thu, 07 Apr 2011 12:26:10 +0000

Precision Machining
Precision machining involves producing of metal parts, which are extremely intricate and are mainly made from thin metal sheets. Besides precision metal parts are often custom made for specific purposes. However there are distinct techniques such as chemical etching, metal stamping, and RF shielding for producing precision metal parts.

The chemical etching process is mainly used for producing precision metal parts. The machining system offers great flexibility for producing precision metal parts, with unusual configuration as well as metals with tight tolerance within .0005″. Besides the chemical etching machines are capable of producing, small holes and bars that are not possible with most stamping process. The chemical etching machine uses state-of-the-art-CAD software enabled with ¼ mil resolution in the production process, which facilitates speedy and low cost operations. The machining system is ideal for both the prototype, and production of large quantities of precision metal parts. Chemically etching machined products also play a significant role in supporting the NASA research system.

Similarly the metal stamping machining process, which is also referred to as progressive die stamping, or long run metal stamping, is extensively used in production of precision metal parts with thickness from .002″ to .135″. The technique is mainly used for processing low cost parts that have three dimensions.

The r f shielding machining enables processing of precision metal parts such as RF shields. The machine helps in the production of customized as well as standard RF shields. The machine is capable of manufacturing product parts from a simple five-sided box, to a complex multi-cavity shield with removable lids. Besides the machining process facilitates production of flat, formed, plated, removable lids, with or without logos, and part numbers. Moreover, standard RF shielding are available in 54 dimensions and are provided with a prototype kit, which enables the operator with the flexibility to design custom RF shields.

The advances in precision machines have provided a significant boost to the aeronautic industry, as airplanes need parts, which are designed with utmost perfection. Precision machining has made it possible to manufacture improved hospital tools, thus greatly serving a social cause, as well.
By Ross Bainbridge
Article Source:http://EzineArticles.com/277669

Precision machining

admin — Thu, 07 Apr 2011 12:19:44 +0000

Know About Precision Machining
High precision machining is one of the latest advancement in the technological processes, which is used widely in machining operation. If you are working for a production house or own one, it is always advisable to have someone close to your plant, who can help out in the necessary emergencies. Knowing about Precision CNC engineering can be very helpful as it has affected all the aspects of life. Abundantly used in all the spheres of our lives including motors, electronic motors, car engines, car parts, car wheels, and much more. The process has marked its presence in most of the industries owing to its high level of accuracy.
Common people are still not aware of Precision CNC engineering, but everyone has been benefited by the process in some way or the other. For example, some of the tasks that a typical High precision machining shop can do range from prototyping, fabrication and Shaping & molding of cutting tools. The first one, prototyping is the construction of a dummy or a duplicate model from an original or authentic item that looks exactly similar to the original one. It is used to create dummies for high tech equipment, industrial machinery, and any other type of equipment that requires any number of high precision pieces of equipment. Thirdly, shaping & molding of cutting tools deals with the process of mechanical cutting of tool in various shapes and sizes. Shaping and molding are also involved in this process.
A good quality precision CNC machining tool is well created high tech equipment, prepared by mantling together several high precision pieces of equipment. Although the CNC machines are a used for a number of items that we use in our day-to-day life, but it is best known to be used by custom car and custom motorcycle builders. Also, the Flow Jet that uses the high pressured water is a good example of high precision machining CNC equipment. Another example of a CNC machine is the laser machine used for engravings and surface adjustments. People involved in the profession of welding, fabricating, engraving, and other similar fields are the local precision machinists, who we come across in our daily lives. One professional trait which is common to all of them is that they sculpt perfection with their flawless hands movements. These are some of the processes keeps occurring in the neighborhood precision shops on a regular basis.
Precision CNC engineering is involved in most of the big and small things that we use on regular basis. Often, we come across people around the street, who are using the precision technique for creating things. If you or your company is dealing with precision CNC machining equipments, then you should stay in contact with the local precision machining shop to see what they can offer you.
By Richard Brown Williams
Article Source:http://EzineArticles.com/5431750

thread rolling machine

admin — Fri, 25 Mar 2011 11:21:42 +0000

There are different tools used by machinist and industrial workers to shape and cut metals. These are known as milling machines. Found in numerous varieties, each machine is technologically advanced to meet the requisites of the growing industrial sector.

Milling Machines and Its Significance

Milling tools have various specifications and each is named according to its functions. Every machine has a different working speed for cutting metals with precision. The machines have adjustable speed functions which can be used according to individual requirements.

All milling equipments serve more or less the same purpose but each machine has different standard specifications and are therefore categorised into different groups. Most of them can perform manifold tasks at the same time. These tasks include milling, cutting, drilling and so forth.

In addition to these tools, there are quite a variety of rolling machines which aid in rolling metals like steel, iron and so forth. You can find an array of these machines in the online business portals. Some of the commonly used milling tools include vertical, horizontal, thread and many more. There are endless varieties of machines used to mill and grind.

More about Different Types of Machines

The Hammer Mill, which is used for the purpose of crumbling materials like palm kernel, Soya bean and copra, is highly efficient in grinding. The heavy duty machines are highly efficient in manufacturing tools for industrial purpose. This massive machine is capable of producing tools with precision and in a large numbers.

These machines are also manufactured by some of the leading manufacturers in the country and it can be bought online from these suppliers. The Plano machine is used to shape solid materials and metals and it is one of the most accurate tools used for this purpose. Available in different configurations, these are capable of other functions like slot cutting, turning and welding of metals.

The Steel rolling mills are adept in manufacturing different types of shaped products. The Jar mills are another variety suitable for grinding dry and wet materials in labs. The Vertical machines are also very proficient and used in tool rooms and factories. These machines are available with a number of features including fully automatic functions. The Comminuting mill machine is used in many fields like food industries, chemical industries, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It is suitable for both wet and dry grinding. The Sand mill is another variety of milling machine that is used to mill products that are insoluble in water like dyes. It is widely used in many industries.

All the above mentioned machines have their own specifications and are used in one field or the other. You can find an assortment of these machines listed in various business portals.

By Vaiv Jais

Article Source : http://ezinearticles.com/?An-Exclusive-Variety-of-Milling-and-Rolling-Machines&id=5303333